Group Behavior
Group Behavior: Individuals get together to establish groups. They like to live in groups. They make their movements in bunches. They collaborate in groups. Groups are crucial. They have an impact on work and work behaviour. They can’t be overlooked. They have a big impact on the company. They are inextricably linked to organisation. They are beneficial to the company. They are the bedrock of human resources. It’s crucial to research group behaviour. Individual and group behaviour are not the same. Productivity is influenced by group behaviour.
The significance of group behaviour has been recognised on many occasions. Elton Mayo and his colleagues performed the classic Hawthorne experiments in 1920 and discovered that group behaviour had a significant influence on productivity.
People make up human resources, and individuals move in groups. Every manager must have a thorough understanding of both collective and individual behaviour. He has to be aware of group psychology. Individual behaviour must be understood in the context of collective behaviour. The behaviour of individuals is impacted by the behaviour of the group.
The group in which a person moves has an impact on his work, job happiness, and effective performance. Small groups of workers function as a team at the lowest levels of the business. They are responsible for completing a job entrusted to them within a certain amount of time.
If they run across an issue, they solve it on their own. They get assistance from senior coworkers in resolving and completing the challenge. It goes without saying that groups play a significant role in the lives of employees. At work, they spend a growing amount of time with the group.
A group, according to M.E. Shaw, is “two or more individuals who interact and affect one another.” Viewers at a theatre or train passengers are not a group until they interact for an extended period of time and have some effect on one another. The term “collection” refers to such groups of individuals.
They don’t interact much and aren’t affected by each other, yet they like being in the collection. If a group of individuals is stuck in a hazardous scenario such as a fire or robbery, they may be temporarily turned into a group. They will overcome a difficulty by battling as a group.
Group Behavior
Group’s Motives
Man is a gregarious species that prefers to live and travel in groups. As a result, human beings are born with the ability to form groups.
The following are some of the reasons why working in a group is so important:
Modern business leaders are making concerted attempts to bring industrial democracy to the workplace. They use task forces, project teams, and work committees to ensure that employees are properly represented. They are often involved in decision-making. This happens in bunches.
In today’s industry, activities are growing more complicated, laborious, and monotonous. Work committees, work groups, and teams are created to monitor work and change in order to modify these circumstances and make the working atmosphere more alive.
Employees are given these obligations to carry out efficiently and effectively in order to make participatory management more effective and free executives of minor responsibilities. Employees are also assigned shared accountability for completing tasks.
To make the organisation effective, groups of various sorts and types are utilised by inviting their collaboration in all things relating to production as well as human interactions.
There are some works that a single person cannot complete. To execute such undertakings, such as the construction of a ship, the production of a film, the construction of a flyover, or a complex, collaborative efforts are necessary.
All of this requires the concerted and cohesive efforts of numerous people, or organisations. A group can do tasks that an individual cannot or will not be able to complete.
When compared to an individual, a group may make superior decisions.
A group of people may utilise their creative instincts and inventive ideas to do things more effectively than a single person. When a group works together, all of the advantages of division of labour are realised. Individuals in a group interact with one another and discuss job performance as well as recommendations for improving it.
Individuals’ attitudes and behaviours are significantly influenced by group initiatives.
The capacity of a group to meet the requirements of its members. Individual members of a group feel safe and may get immediate technical and work-related support. When they are emotionally sad, they are also given extra help.
Groups of many kinds
Groups may be categorised in a variety of ways based on a variety of factors.
The fundamental groupings are shown below.
- Formal Organizations
Formal groups are formed as part of an organization’s structure to carry out certain responsibilities. A formal group is an example of a work group in a factory. They are constrained by the organization’s hierarchical authority. They must adhere to the organization’s rules, regulations, and policies. The system necessitates the formation of these groupings. The organisation has a set of rules and regulations in place to ensure that the organization’s goals are met.
“A formal group is stated to be any social structure in which the actions of certain members are coordinated by others to attain a shared aim,” writes A.L. Stencombe.
Formal groupings assist in reaching objectives with ease. They aid in activity coordination and the formation of logical relationships between persons and roles. They bring the group together. Formal group has been separated into two groups by Leonard R Sayles: command group and task group.
(a) Command Group: A command group is made up of subordinates who report to a supervisor directly. The organisation structures command groupings. Subordinates in a town planning authority’s enforcement department report to and are directly answerable to the enforcement officer. This organisation is in charge of clearing encroachment on public land. A dedicated department has been formed for this reason, and it is quite busy.
(a) Task Group: A task group is formed in order to finish a project. Task forces are another name for this sort of organisation. The group’s objective is to finish the work within the specified time frame. When one job is accomplished, they are given a new one to work on. Task groups include project teams, quality circles, and audit teams, to name a few.
- Informal Organizations
Individuals’ social needs and desire to build and maintain relationships with others lead to the formation of informal groupings inside formal organisations. Informal groupings arise as a result of working in a factory or office. They collaborate, which causes them to interact. Groups are established via contact. These are emotive and spontaneous gatherings. “The network of individuals and social ties that is not developed or necessary for formal organisation,” according to Keith Davis.
These are groups created by workers at their job while they are working together. The organisation has shown little enthusiasm for their establishment. “Informal groupings are cliques,” according to M. Dalton. Cliques are groups of individuals from various levels of an organisation who have a shared interest. There are three types of cliques: horizontal, vertical, and random. Horizontal cliques are made up of persons who are of the same rank and work in the same department. Vertical Cliques are made up of persons from various levels of the company. Employees from both the horizontal and vertical lines form Random Cliques when they have a similar interest.
Informal organisations may be very beneficial and strong. Some executives believe they are damaging and disruptive to the organization’s interests. They have doubts about their honesty and see them as a potential danger. Some supervisors ask for their assistance in completing the assignment swiftly. They don’t see them as a danger. The power of these informal groupings may be used to achieve organisational goals.
The following are examples of informal groups:
(a) Interest Group: A group of workers who have come together to achieve a shared goal. Employees that band together for bonuses, raises in pay, medical coverage, and other perks are examples of interest groups. People who have a shared interest meet together.
(b) Membership Group: A group of people in the same profession who know each other, such as university lecturers from the same faculty.
(c) Friendship Group: A group of people outside of the plant or workplace who have similar beliefs, likes, and attitudes and are of the same age. They develop friendship-based groups and organisations.
(d) Reference Group: This is the major group in which individuals form their ideas, beliefs, and values, among other things. They’re looking for the group’s help. A significant reference group is one’s family. A reference group is a group of participants that are participating in a game.
Groups may be categorised into the following categories based on their purposes:
- Groups of Professionals
Class I officers’ association, teachers’ association, and so on are examples of associations with similar vocations.
- Groups for Instruction
People who have enrolled in the same course, for example, M. Tech students in the same topic.
- Governmental Organizations
A governing body, such as a municipal council or a management board, is constituted.
- Religious Organizations
People of the same faith banding together to create a group.
- Recreational Organization
A group founded for the purpose of leisure, such as a football club or a cricket club, for example…